YOUR GUIDE TO THE FUTURE

In the age of sensors, wireless networks, smartphones and other interactive technologies; the important role of physical public space may be overlooked. However, integrating those interactive technology can improve the qualities of physical space as de Waal et al. (2021) explains the five concepts that can enhance the public space qualities in cities

In the last few years, various alternatives of mobility pop up that integrates advance technology, including e-scooters. this welcomes the discussion of how cities can support, manage and regulate the various alternatives in the public roads.

Cities that are citizen-driven show significant success and replicability rate in delivering smart city projects. This is due to the co-creation aspect in the delivery process ensures that the vision is better accepted by the citizen, which in result increases the likelihood of the improvement of the citizen's wellbeing.

In the US, building operations use roughly 12% freshwater consumption. Therefore, advancing water resource management in buildings can help mitigate water scarcity in urban areas. Amaral et al. list evidence-based practices that are significant in improving the water resource management of building operations.

Sustainable building practice considers the social, financial and environmental impact of the building throughout the whole life cycle of the building, including the generation of waste during construction.

Technological innovation and economic prosperity as objectives of Smart City cannot fully succeed without appropriate citizen and community support and participation. One substantial group of the citizens that is often overlooked are children.

Smart City is a city that is resilient and capable of adapting to current and future pressure to its urban system, such as the intense climate change impact, Fernández et al. (2020) suggests. From best practices in Barcelona, Rotterdam and Vienna, indicate that integration of economic and environmental strategies are crucial in contributing to ensure better quality of life.

A study provides evidence that suggests the crucial role cities have in mitigating climate change through their techno-policies choices. Sethi et al. (2020) identifies key sectors that should take a bigger role in adapting and mitigating climate change in cities, including waste, transport, energy, and buildings.

A big part to attain the Sustainable Development Goals by the UN includes the transformation in how we do the economy. The business as usual of a linear economy where a product will end up in a landfill when its lifecycle ends is no longer sustainable as this promotes the extraction of our limited and ever more scarce natural resource.

Noise pollution in urban areas is a serious threat to the health and wellbeing of city inhabitants. City government must take deliberate action to prevent the damage to their inhabitants. To help city government as well as other city stakeholder reduce the noise pollution, Bello et al. (2019) invented SONYC (Sound of New York City) a system for monitoring, analysing, and mitigating urban noise pollution with its first case study in New York, one of the busiest and noisiest cities in the world.

The wide use of smart technology has allowed us to get accurate geographic information of a city or area. The use of spatial data should enhance the analysis of planner and provide evidence on how the city tackles inequalities. Du et al. (2021) take New York City as a case study to introduce a new qualitative methodological approach to assess how urban resource are distributed.

In 2011, Malmo, a city in Sweden signed the Climate Contract, a collaboration between the city government and private companies that aims to develop a sustainable and energy efficient city in Malmo. Through this contract, the impact of smart solutions in the City of Malmo to urban governance were studied.

Food security issues usually take the front seat in the discussion of urban food systems. Innovation in Smart Cities could take form in both technology and social. Maye (2019) bridges the discussion of ‘Smart City’ and ‘Urban Food Practice’ and shows how they relate to many more issues and stakeholders and has the potential for more holistic transformation within the urban society through four elements.

Bodø is a municipality located in the northern part of Norway with 51,000 inhabitants. The city is going through a major transformation as the national air force base in Bodø is being relocated by the Norway national government. The Smart Bodø program is being introduced to transform the city.

In 2018, Woetzel and Kuznetsova conducted a study on the adoption of Smart Solutions in cities around the globe. The study analyses what and why a certain smart city innovation is adopted by the citizen and found that the factors vary between cities and technology.

By comparing the Smart City plan implemented in two cities in South Korea, Gimpo and Namyangju, Myeong et al. (2021) found the key to successfully building a culture of innovation in the city. Gimpo and Namyangju, both adopt the Smart City Concept in their city development through different approaches.

Data or metrics are becoming an important urban resource in the city’s policy making. Social media as a platform that enables the analysis of geographic data also become an attractive region that city authorities refer to. Zook (2017) on the other hand, is on the fence with this idea.

A city is an ever growing and evolving system. Smart city as a concept of urban development, as well as cities are inevitably incomplete projects that requires constant upgrade and update, Houston et al. (2019) argued. Yet, often, smart city plan is viewed as a monolithic process without the consideration of the reality that the system is often “buggy, brittle and bugged”.

Smart growth is a planning concept that aims to build a more compact city design with diverse transportation options and mixed use of land. This concept is considered to address today’s urban challenge of pollution, congestion, long commute time and loss of natural habitat.

Cities that are located in coastal areas face a particular challenge due to the changing climate. Sea level rise, storm surges and floods are just some of the disastrous phenomena that threaten coastal cities. With the advancement of technology, devising ICT in the Disaster Management System has become widely prevalent for city government.

Through survey and content analysis, Vidiasova and Cronemberger (2020), study the perception of two important stakeholders in building smart cities, the local government and the citizens in St. Petersburg, Russia. The study found that despite a high level of engagement with e-government tools, citizens perceived smart city initiatives differently than the local government.

Building cities that are resilient to become crucial as more unpredictable hazards and disasters that we have never seen before. A city should be able to deal with and adapt to various kinds of pressure, changes and disaster without harming the livelihood or severely damaging the urban system.

Flooding is one of the biggest problems in Jakarta that are complex and require thorough planning and management from various stakeholders and sectors. Widiachristy and Rachmanto (2021) studied how the Government of Jakarta designed a mobile application as an early warning system (EWS) for floods that has become an annual occurrence in Jakarta.

With the development of technology that are implemented in smart cities, it is now possible to create a digital twin for cities that could immensely help the urban planning and management process. White et al. (2021) defined digital twin as a digital representation of a physical condition, process, system or device of a place or cities.

3T or “Trace, Test and Treat” is the principle that WHO uses for pandemic control. Sonn and Lee (2020), explained how Smart City came in handy, especially, to tackle the first part of the 3Ts, Trace. Learning from previous pandemics that the country faces, such as MERS and SARS, South Korea imposes the law for better pandemic control next time the outbreak occurs.

Razaghi and Finger (2018) defined city as a system, which means that a city is composed by interrelated elements that are indivisible elements but a whole. When we see a city as a system, we acknowledge the human agents that are also shaping the behaviour of the urban system as a whole and also how the complex urban system can be massive in terms of components and the geographical coverage.

With the ever-complicated urban service provision and high population growth, developing countries implemented Smart City with the aim of improving government efficacy and improving the quality of life of its citizen while also promoting transparency and inclusivity of governance with the public.

With cities in Indonesia implementing Smart City technologies become widely used. Real time monitoring and sensing through various devices that transmit data become a common practice with the intention of processing those data to improve the quality of life. However, Rosadi et al. (2017) raised the concern over the lack of data privacy law in Indonesia.

On the previous article, the significant positive impact of Smart City for the urban economy was explored. Caragliu and Del Bo (2019) investigated further on how Smart City impacted the urban economy. Study was conducted to see whether urban innovation is how cities achieve the positive urban economic outcome by implementing Smart City Policies.

City of Surabaya is one of the leading cities in Indonesia that has successfully implemented the Smart City Initiatives. Innovation in the governance is one element of Smart City that City of Surabaya has advanced.